The influence of field crop rotations on the contamination of crops in the conditions of the Kostanay region

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to study the influence of precursors of agricultural crops cultivated in grain and fruit-bearing crop rotations using No-till system with elements of precision farming on the contamination of crops in the conditions of southern chernozems of Kostanay region. Two types of crop rotations were studied – 4-pole grain-steam (steam – wheat – wheat – wheat) and 4-pole fruit-bearing (peas – wheat-oilseed flax – wheat). On each crop rotation crop, variants with different levels of mineral nutrition were laid-without fertilizers (control) and P₁₅. All records and observations were carried out according to standard methods. A correlation of an average degree was established between the clogging of crops by full shoots in the grain-pair crop rotation and wheat yield (d_yx=0.40), as well as between the clogging of crops before harvesting in the fruit-bearing crop rotation and the yield of cultivated crops (d_yx=0.49). A decrease in clogging was revealed in the grain-steam crop rotation on the second wheat after steam (12.7-12.9 pcs./m²), in the fruit-bearing crop rotation – on wheat after peas (15.9-38.4 pcs./m²). The use of herbicides in the grain-steam crop rotation on the first wheat after steam made it possible to obtain an increase in yield on the control – 0.18 t/ha and on the P₁₅ variant – 0.20 t/ha. In the fruit-bearing crop rotation, a high increase was noted on the variant of sowing peas – 0.36 t/ha (control) and 0.48 t/ha (P₁₅).