The use of chitosan against potato gangrene during storage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i1pp17-21Keywords:
khitosan, defense-enzymes, potato, disease resistance inducers, gangreneAbstract
Potato gangrene is a very dangerous disease developing during storage and can lead to serious crop losses. The main control of this pathogen is reported by the post-harvest use of fungicides. However, the pathogen resistance to fungicides and public concerns about food safety require the search for new alternatives to fungicides, potentially less harmful to human health and the environment. The antifungal influence of chitosan against Phoma exigua var foveata and analyzing its inhibitory effect on the gangrene of potato tubers were investigated. The results showed that the growth of the mycelium and the germination of Phoma spores were suppressed by chitosan treatment, and the inhibitory effect was strongly correlated with the chitosan concentration. The effectiveness of post-harvest chitosan treatment has been studied for induced resistance to Phoma rot in tubers of two potato varieties (Kolobok and Santa). In vivo studies have shown that chitosan treatment at a concentration of 0.5 or 1% effectively combated gangrene potato tubers inoculated with a suspension of Phoma spores. However, treatment with chitosan at a concentration of 1% caused phytotoxicity of potato tubers. Chitosan increased the activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in tubers. This study suggests that the influence of chitosan may be related to the induced resistance of potato Phoma rot, and the use of chitosan may be a promising agent as a natural fungicide for partial replacement of synthetic fungicides to protect potato tubers during storage.
Downloads
References
2. Защита картофеля от болезней, вредителей и сорняков / Б. В. Анисимов [и др.]. – М.: Картофелевод, 2009. 272 с.
3. Роговин В.В., Пирузян P.A. Пероксидазы. – М.: Наука, 1977. – 207 с.
4. Савич И.М. Пероксидазы – стрессовые белки растений // Успехи современной биологии. – 1989. – Т. 107. – Вып. 3. – C. 406–417.
5. Чамышев А.В. Агроэкологическое обоснование сроков посадки картофеля в Саратовском Правобережье // Аграрный научный журнал. – 2016. – № 2. – С.30–33.
6. Аntifungal activity of oligochitosan against Phytophthora capsici and other plant pathogenic fungi in vitro / J.G. Xu [et al.] // Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. – 2006. – Vol. 87. – Р. 220–228.
7. Bradford M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding // Analytical Biochemistry. – 1976. – Vol. 72. – Р. 248–254.
8. Chitosan as a potential natural compound to control pre and postharvest diseases of horticultural commodities / S. Bautista-Ban?s [et al.] // Crop Protection. – 2006. – Vol. 25. – Р. 108–118.
9. Chitosan improves development and protects Vitis vinifera L. against Botrytis cinerea / E.Ait Barka [et al.] // Plant Cell Report. – 2004. – Vol. 22. – Р. 608–614.
10. Controlling gray mould caused by Botrytis cinerea in cucumber plants by means of chitosan / N. Ben-Shalom [et al.] // Crop Protection. – 2003. – Vol. 22. – Р. 285–290.
11. Effect of high carbon dioxide concentration on PAL activity and phenolic contents in ripening cherimoya fruit / J.S. Assis [et al.] // Postharvest Biology Technology. – 2001. – Vol. 23. – Р. 33–39.
12. Effects of chitosan on control of postharvest diseases and physiological responses of tomato fruit / J. Liu [et al.] // Postharvest Biology and Technology. – 2007. – Vol. 44. – Р. 300–306.
13. Graham M.Y., Graham T.L. Rapid accumulation of anionic peroxidases and phenolic polymers in soybean cotyledon tissues following treatment with Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea wall glucan // Plant Physiology. – 1991. – Vol. 97. – Р 1445–1455.
14. Griffin D.H. Spore dormancy and germination // Fungal Physiology / D.H. Griffin. – М., 1994. – С. 375–398.
15. Jiang A.L., Tian S.P., Xu Y. Effects of controlled atmospheres with high-O2 or high-CO2 concentrations on postharvest physiology and storability of “Napoleon” sweet cherry // Acta Botanica Sinica. – 2002. – Vol. 44. – Р. 925–930.
16. Khan A.A. A study of some factors affecting infection and development of potato gangrene // Rec. agric. Res. Minist. Agtic. Nth. Ire. – 1967. – № 16. – Р. 97–101.
17. Kurita K. Chitin and chitosan: Functional biopolymers from marine crustaceans // Mar. Biotech. – 2006. – Vol. 8. – Р 203–226.
18. Leuba J.L. Chitosan and other polyamines: Antifungal activity and interaction with biological membranes // Muzarelli G. Chitin in Nature and Technology. – P. Stossel,1986. – Р. 215–222.
19. Malcolmson J.F., Gray E.G. The incidence of gangrene of potatoes caused by Phoma exigua in relation to handling and storage // Ann. appl. Biol. – 1968. – Vol. 62. – Р. 89–101.
20. Physiologic responses and quality attributes of table grapefruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage / X. H. Meng [et al.] // Food Chemistry. – 2008. – Vol. 106. – Р. 501–508.
21. Population structure and genetic analysis of field resistance to thiabendazole in Gibberella pulicaris from potato tuber / A. E. Desjardins [et al.] // Phytopathology. – 1993. – Vol. 83. – Р. 164–170.
22. Potential use of chitosan in postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables // Advances in Chitin and Chitosan / A.El Ghaouth [et al.]. – 1992a. – Р. 440–452.
23. Qing W. [et al.] Inhibitory effect of chitosan on growth of the fungal phytopathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and sclerotinia rot of carrot // Journal of Integrative Agriculture. – 2015. – Vol. 14. – Р. 691–697.
24. Romanazzi G., Nigro F., Ippolito А. Short hypobaric treatments potentiate the effect of chitosan in reducing storage decay of sweet cherries // Postharvest Biology and Technology. – 2003. – Vol. 29. – Р. 73–80.
25. Todd J.M., Adam J.W. Potato gangrene: some interconnected sources and factors // Proceedings of the 4th British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference. – 1967. – Р. 276–284.
26. Transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the plasma membrance-perturbing compound chitosan / A. Zakrzewska [et al.] // Eukaryotic Cell. – 2005. – Vol. 4. – Р. 703–715.
27. Tripathi P., Dubey N.K. Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables // Postharvest Biology and Technology. – 2004. – Vol. 32. – Р. 235–245.
28. Two phenylalanine ammonia-lyase isoforms are involved in the elicitor-induced response of rice to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae / S. Giberti [et al.] // Plant Physiol. J. – 2012. – Vol. 169. – Р. 249–254.
29. Venisse J.S., Gullner G., Brisset M.N. Evidence for the involvement of an oxidative stress in the initiation of infection of pear by Erwinia amylovora // Plant Physiol. – 2001. – Vol. 125. – Р. 2164–2172.
30. Yao H.J., Tian S.P. Effects of a biocontrol agent and methyl jasmonate on postharvest diseases of peach fruit and the possible mechanisms involved // Journal of Applied Microbiology. – 2005. – Vol. 98. – Р. 941–950.
