Study and practical use of bioresources of citrus crops collection

Abstract

The article analyzes the collection of citrus crops of the Federal Research Center "Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (FITC SNC RAS) in Sochi. The bioresource collection is kept alive in the field and in a container culture for varieties; the collection is represented by the genetic and ecological-geographical diversity of C. reticulate Blan varieties. var unshiu.Tan., C. limon Burm., C. sinensis Osb., C. paradisi Macf., C. maxima Burm., C. medica L. and other species and relatives introduced from Japan, America, China, Italy, Spain, Nicaragua, Abkhazia. The collection is constantly updated with both introducers and new varieties and promising hybrids bred in the Center. Lemon and tangerine groups are widely represented. 19 sources of economically valuable traits that are included in the breeding process have been identified and described from the collection. Citrus reticulata Blanco is of great importance for the humid subtropics of Russia as the most winter-hardy species. Breeding work is being carried out, which is aimed at breeding early-maturing, short-term, stunted forms of mandarin. Ten varieties of mandarin have been created: Sochi 23, Pioneer 80, Krasnodar, Sugar, Black Sea, Millennium 1, Millennium 2, it is most adapted to extreme growing conditions. Because of hybridization, 21 promising forms of mandarin were identified, which are of interest for further breeding work. Large-fruited hybrids 98-1; 99-2; 99-4 were noted, the average yield of which was 3.4 kg /day, these forms are late-ripening (II decade of November). Forms 2-2; 01-4; 01-04; 97-3; 2-5; 2-5 they are characterized by early maturity (II decade of October), stunting and stable yields of 2.6 and 3.0 kg/day. Samples for ornamental gardening are presented: C. ? bergamia, C. ? bergamia var. Melarosa, S. Lemon "Del Brasil", C. ? limetta, C. ? limonelloides, C. verrucosa Tan., C. hystrix DC., as well as two forms:202 (Fortunella margarita?C. reticulata); 78 (Fortunella Margarita?C. reticulata).